RISTY RATNA DEVI
13209236 – 4EA15
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
Conditional
sentences are sentences expressing
factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so
called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the
existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.
In English conditional sentences, the
condition clause (protasis) is most commonly introduced by the conjunction if, or
sometimes other conjunctions or expressions such as unless, provided
(that), providing (that) and as long as. Certain condition
clauses can also be formulated using inversion without
any conjunction (should you fail...; were he to die...; had
they helped us...).
In English language teaching,
conditional sentences are often classified under the headings zero
conditional, first conditional (or conditional I), second
conditional (or conditional II), third conditional (or conditional
III) and mixed conditional, according to the grammatical pattern
followed.
Conditional Sentences Type I
Form if + Simple Present, will + Future
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative sentences.
Example :
1. If I
study, I will pass the exams.
2. If
the sun shines, we will walk to the town.
3. If
he has a temperature, he will see the doctor.
4. If
my friends come, I will be very happy .
5. If
she earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York.
6. If
we travel to London, we will visit the museums.
7. If you
wear sandals in the mountains, you will slip on the rocks.
8. If
Rita forgets her homework, the teacher
will give her a low mark.
9. If
they go to the disco, they will listen to loud music.
10. If
you wait a minute, I will ask my parents.
Conditional Sentences Type II
Form if + Simple Past, main clause with Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Past und Conditional I on how to form negative sentences.
Example :
1. If I
came home earlier, I would prepare dinner.
2. If
we lived in Rome, Francesco would visit us.
3. If
Tim and Tom were older, they would play in our hockey team.
4. If
he was my friend, I would invite him to my birthday party.
5. If
Susan studied harder, she would be better at school.
6. If
they had enough money, they would buy a new car.
7. If
you did a paper round, you would earn a little extra money.
8. If
Miichael got more pocket money, he would ask Doris out for dinner.
9. If
we hurried, we would catch the bus.
10. If
it rained, Nina would take an umbrella with her.
Conditional Sentences Type III
Form if + Past Perfect, main clause with Conditional II
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.
Example :
1 If
the weather had been nice, they would have played football.
2 If
we had gone to a good restaurant, we
would have had a better dinner.
3 If
John had learned more words, he would have written a good report.
4 If
the boys had taken the bus to
school, they would have arrived on
time.
5 If
the teacher had explained the
homework, I would have done it.
6 If
they had waited for another 10
minutes, they would have seen the
pop star.
7 If
the police had come earlier, they would have arrested the buglar.
8 If
you had bought fresh green vegetable,
your salad would have tasted better.
9 If
Alex had asked me, I would have emailed the documents.
10 If
we had spoken more slowly, Peggy would have understood him.
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